When the general is weak and without authority; when his orders are not clear and distinct; when there are no fixed duties assigned to officers and men, and the ranks are formed in a slovenly haphazard manner, the result is utter disorganization.
The general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple ere the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
Generally, management of many is the same as management of few. It is a matter of organization. And to control many is the same as to control few. This is a matter of formations and signals.
He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared.
Whoever is first in the field and awaits the coming of the enemy, will be fresh for the fight; whoever is second in the field and has to hasten to battle will arrive exhausted.
The good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat, but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy.
Who does not know the evils of war cannot appreciate its benefits.
Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business.
One defends when his strength is inadequate, he attacks when it is abundant.
Confront them with annihilation, and they will then survive; plunge them into a deadly situation, and they will then live. When people fall into danger, they are then able to strive for victory.
When the common soldiers are too strong and their officers too weak, the result is insubordination. When the officers are too strong and the common soldiers too weak, the result is collapse.
The control of a large force is the same principle as the control of a few men: it is merely a question of dividing up their numbers.
Thus the skilful general conducts his army just as though he were leading a single man, willy-nilly, by the hand.
He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.
He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces.
All men can see these tactics whereby I conquer, but what none can see is the strategy out of which victory is evolved.
Rapidity is the essence of war: take advantage of the enemy's unreadiness, make your way by unexpected routes, and attack unguarded spots.
Winning isn't enough. The acme of all skill is to defeat your enemy before taking the field.
Go into emptiness, strike voids, bypass what he defends hit him where he does not expect you.
According to my assessment, even if you have many more troops than others, how can that help you to victory?
He who exercises no forethought but makes light of his opponents is sure to be captured by them.
When you shoot a bow and arrow, you aim at the clouds, not because you expect to hit them, but so that you may reach the distant target on the ground.
And therefore those skilled in war bring the enemy to the field of battle and are not brought there by him.
All war is deception.
If the enemy opens the door, you must race in.
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