There are routes not to be followed, armies not to be attacked, citadels not to be besieged, territory not to be fought over.
Throw your soldiers into positions whence there is no escape, and they will prefer death to flight. If they will face death, there is nothing they may not achieve.
It is the rule in war, if our forces are ten to the enemy's one, to surround him; if five to one, to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.
The skillful tactician may be likened to the shuai-jan. Now the shuai-jan is a snake that is found in the Ch'ang mountains. Strike at its head, and you will be attacked by its tail; strike at its tail, and you will be attacked by its head; strike at its middle, and you will be attacked by head and tail both.
It is the business of a general to be quiet and thus ensure secrecy; upright and just, and thus maintain order.
Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow; decision, to the releasing of a trigger.
Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.
For the wise man delights in establishing his merit, the brave man likes to show his courage in action, the covetous man is quick at seizing advantages, and the stupid man has no fear of death.
There are not more than five musical notes, yet the combinations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard.
In the midst of difficulties we are always ready to seize an advantage, we may extricate ourselves from misfortune.
Therefore, just as water retains no constant shape, so in warfare there are no constant conditions.
There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune on his army: By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army. By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds. By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.
All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
A sovereign of high character and intelligence must be able to know the right man, should place the responsibility on him, and expect results.
All warfare is based on deception. If your enemy is superior, evade him. If angry, irritate him. If equally matched, fight and if not: split and re-evaluate.
Probe him and learn where his strength is abundant and where deficient.
Every battle is won before it is fought.
When the thunderclap comes, there is no time to cover the ears.
If our soldiers are not overburdened with money, it is not because they have a distaste for riches; if their lives are not unduly long, it is not because they are disinclined to longevity.
When your opponent gives you an opening, be swift as a hare.
It is said that if you know your enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred battles; if you do not know your enemies but do know yourself, you will win one and lose one; if you do not know your enemies nor yourself, you will be imperiled in every single battle.
The best general is the one who never fights.
Thus those skilled in war subdue the enemy's army without battle .... They conquer by strategy.
When orders are consistently trustworthy and observed, the relationship of a commander with his troops is satisfactory.
Attack where he is unprepared; sally forth when he does not expect you.
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