Self-belief does not necessarily ensure success, but self-disbelief assuredly spawns failure.
Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.
People’s beliefs about their abilities have a profound effect on those abilities.
In order to succeed, people need a sense of self-efficacy, to struggle together with resilience to meet the inevitable obstacles and inequities of life.
People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking.
What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.
Humans are producers of their life circumstance not just products of them.
People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.
People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others
People who believe they have the power to exercise some measure of control over their lives are healthier, more effective and more successful than those who lack faith in their ability to effect changes in their lives.
Psychology cannot tell people how they ought to live their lives. It can however, provide them with the means for effecting personal and social change.
Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience.
Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others
We are more heavily invested in the theories of failure than we are in the theories of success.
The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
After people become convinced they have what it takes to succeed, they persevere in the face of adversity and quickly rebound from setbacks. By sticking it out through tough times, they emerge stronger from adversity.
If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
People's conceptions about themselves and the nature of things are developed and verified through four different processes: direct experience of the effects produced by their actions, vicarious experience of the effects produced by somebody else's actions, judgments voiced by others, and derivation of further knowledge from what they already know by using rules of inference
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the sources of action required to manage prospective situations.
Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
Once established, reputations do not easily change.
The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
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