People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem
People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. They produce their own future, rather than simply foretell it.
People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process
Even the self-assured will raise their perceived self-efficacy if models teach them better ways of doing things.
Success and failure are largely self-defined in terms of personal standards. The higher the self-standards, the more likely will given attainments be viewed as failures, regardless of what others might think.
The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities
Forceful actions arising from erroneous beliefs often create social effects that confirm the misbeliefs
Indeed there are many competent people who are plagued by a sense of inefficacy, and many less competent ones who remain unperturbed by impending threats because they are self-assured of their coping capabilities
The effects of outcome expectancies on performance motivation are partly governed by self-beliefs of efficacy
Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity
The satisfactions people derive from what they do are determined to a large degree by their self-evaluative standards
A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
When people are not aiming for anything in particular or when they cannot monitor their performance, there is little basis for translating perceived efficacy into appropriate magnitudes of effort
Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills
Persons who have a strong sense of efficacy deploy their attention and effort to the demands of the situation and are spurred by obstacles to greater effort.
The human condition is better improved by altering detrimental circumstances and personal perspectives than by trying to alter personal outlooks, while ignoring the very circumstances that serve to nourish them
Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
Even noteworthy performance attainments do not necessarily boost perceived self-efficacy
Behavior must also be adequately assessed under appropriate circumstances. Ill-defined global measures of perceived self-efficacy or defective assessments of performance will yield discordances. Disparities will also arise when efficacy is judged for performances in actual situations but performance is measured in simulated situations that are easier to deal with than the actualities
Through their capacity to manipulate symbols and to engage in reflective thought, people can generate novel ideas and innovative actions that transcend their past experiences
Perceived self-efficacy also shapes causal thinking. In seeking solutions to difficult problems, those who perceived themselves as highly efficacious are inclined to attribute their failures to insufficient effort, whereas those of comparable skills but lower perceived self-efficacy ascribe their failures to deficient ability
Ironically, it is the talented who have high aspirations, which are possible but exceedingly difficult to realize, who are especially vulnerable to self-dissatisfaction despite notable achievements.
Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
In social cognitive theory, perceived self-efficacy results from diverse sources of information conveyed vicariously and through social evaluation, as well as through direct experience
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